Effect of soybean-maize rotation and fertilization on the agronomic trait and grain yield of maize | 玉米-大豆轮作及氮肥水平对玉米农艺性状及产量的影响

Chino. 以郑单958为试验材料，采用裂区试验设计，研究吉林东部半山区玉米一大豆轮作、连作及4个氮肥水平（0kg／hm. （F1）、90kg／hm. （F2）、180kg／hm. （F3）和270kg／hm. （F4））对玉米农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明，轮作处理在干物质积累、叶面积、叶面积指数及籽粒产量方面均优于连作处理，而对其他产量构成因素并未形成优势；F3、F4处理在株高、相对叶绿素含量（SPAD）、叶面积指数、产量构成及产量等指标均显著高于不施氮肥的F1处理（P〈0．05），高水平氮素（F3、F4）投入对穗粗、百粒重和籽粒产量有一定促进作用，降低了秃尖长度，对行粒数及穗行数影响不明显（P〉0．05）；F3、F4处理较F1处理籽粒增产幅度达18．45％和16．52％。为此，在吉林东部半山区玉米轮作系统的氮肥施用量以180kg／hm. 左右为最佳。

Inglés. Zhengdan 958, the variety of maize was applied to study the effects of crop rotation, monoculture and nitrogen application rate on the agronomic traits and grain yield of maize at the semi-mountainous regions of Jilin Province in China. Field split plot experiment was conducted by using four nitrogen application rates：0 kg/hm. （F1）,90 kg/hm. （F2）, 180 kg/hm. （F3） and 270 kg/hm. （F4） under the maize-soybean rotation system and maze continuous cropping system. The results showed that dry matter accumulation,leaf area,leaf area index（LAD and grain yield were improved by crop rotation compared with monoculture, but there was no advantage for the other factors of yield. Plant height,SPAD value, LAI, the factors of yield and grain yield were influenced significantly by F3 and F4 treatments compared with F1 treatment without nitrogen application （P〈0.05）. Ear diameter, 100-grain weight and grain yield were increased by high nitrogen application rates（F3 and F4）, but there was no obvious impact on the numbers of row per ear and grain per row, and the length of barren tip was decreased by them（ P〉0. 05）. The grain yietd of maize was improved by 18.45 % and 16.52 % respectively by F3 and F4 treatments compared with F1 treatment. Thus,the rate of 180 kg/hm. was recommended as the best rate for nitrogen application under the maize-soybean rotation system in this area.