Economic study of Egyptian agricultural forigan trade with the United States of America,

International trade -either imports or exports- is formed the main window of international economic relations, which considered the most important pillar in the economic structure of all nations. The international trade has started with the emergence of international entities and communities, and bilateral agreements between the States and each other. The United States comes in the second trade partner to Egypt, after the European Union, while Egypt is ranked No.54 partner for the United States at the level of trade. Moreover, the United States is the second largest foreign investor in Egypt in the field of oil and gas. The volume of U.S. investments in Egypt represents a significant proportion of the total foreign investment. In spite of the signing of several bilateral agreements, which include an agreement to prevent double taxation in 1980, and the cooperation agreement between Egypt and U.S. for economic growth and development (initiative A 2l Gore) for the development of relations between the two countries in supporting the capacity of the Egyptian economy, and the process of growth and economic development. However, Egypt is still the center late in the list of countries exporting to the United States, which its exports to the U.S. does not exceed 1 % of total U.S. imports in 2010, these exports is concentrated in a small number of goods. Its found that there is a deficit trend in trade balance against Egypt compare to United States which estimated by $ 2 billion in 2010. The Egyptian agricultural exports represented only 0.09% of total U.S. agricultural imports, which means that, there is no longer to invest the advantages for trade agreements and protocols between Egypt and the United States of America which were signed. This current study addresses the issue of changes in the structure of total and agricultural foreign trade of Egyptian with the United States of America to identify the causes of deficit in both total and agricultural trade balance. In addition to, identify to the changes in the structure of foreign agricultural trade between Egypt and the United States, in order to estimate the impact of international and domestic changes on this structure, and try to predict the behavior of these variables on the future of Egypt agricultural foreign trade with the United States of America. The study in an attempt to reach their goals managed to use both of statistical and economic methods and tools, which are suitable for the objectives of the study and the nature of the available data, such as methods of quantitative and descriptive analysis, which use statistical analysis in the forms of simple and multiple linear and nonlinear, and also used the model of simultaneous equations and estimated it using the method of 2SLS, as well as the use of familiar statistical measures to test the efficiency of the estimates. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, it is included five sections, besides the introduction. The first one deals with the theoretical frame and the literature of previous studies and researches. Chapter II indicated the main features of total and agricultural foreign trade, through the study of Egyptian total trade .balance for the period (1995-2010) as well as the Egyptian agricultural trade balance for the period (1995-2010), moreover, the food balance for the period 1995-2010, in addition to, study the main features of the trade balance for the most important commodity groups. Chapter reviewed the most important trade relations and agreements between Egypt and the United States of America. Egyptian agricultural foreign trade with the United States of America, through the evolution of Egyptian and American foreign trade, and also the agricultural trade balance between Egypt and the U.S.A. Finally, the fifth chapter examines an econometric model of the Egyptian agricultural foreign trade with the United States of America.