In vitro studies on somatic embryogensis of date palm

This investigation was carried out to improve the maturation and germination of date ýpalm somatic embryos cultivars. Urn El ferakhþ þHiane and Oreby. Incubation under dark ýor light conditions on growth regulators-free medium improved the normality of somatic ýembryos for all cultivars under investigation. Germination of somatic embryos improved ýby incubation under light conditions on medium with low concentration of BA or 2iP (0.5 ýor 0.1mg/1) combined with high concentration of NAA (I.Omg/1) and medium with ýý1.0mg/1 NAA alone. Also germination of somatic embryos improved on medium with ýhigh concentration of BA combined with high concentration of 2,4-D (1.0mg/I) for Um ýEl ferakh medium with 0.5mg/1 BA combined with 0.1 mg/1 2 4-D for Hiane and Oreby ýcultivars. medium with 0.5 or 0.1 mg/I 2,4-D alone for Um-El ferakh. and medium with ýý1.0mg/l 2iP alone for Hiane and Oreby cultivars. While incubation under dark on ýmedium with 1.0mg/l NAA or under dark or light on medium with 1.0mg/I 2,4-D ýimproved new embryonic callus formation for all cvs. Normality of somatic embryos ýimproved by adding 0.1mg/l Pbz for Um El ferakh and Oreby cultivars. and adding 0.5 or ýý1.0mg/l Pbz for Hiane. Number of secondary embryos increased by adding 0.lmg/l Pbz. ýWhile germination of somatic embryos increased by adding 1.0mg/l Ancymidol for all ýcultivars: Total sugar contents of somatic embryos increased by adding 0.1 mg/I Pbz ýwhile reducing sugar contents increased by adding 1ýþ þý0 mg/1 ABA for all cultivars. Non ýreducing sugar contents increased by adding 0.5mg/l Pbz for all cultivars. and also by ýadding 0,1 mg/l Pbz for Hiane and Oreby cultivars. Normality germination and ýgrowth vigor of somatic embryos improved by adding 0.5mg/l 2,4-D combined with ýý100mg/l asparagene. While adding 0.5mg/1 2,4-D+ 0.5mg/l BA improved the number of ýsecondary embryos. Adding 0.5mg/l 2,4-D combined with 0.5mg/l 2iP or 100mg/l ýglutamine or asparagene increased the total sugars and nonreducing sugars contents. ýWhile 0.5mg/l 2,4-D+ 0.5mg/I 2iP increased reducing sugars contents. Adding 30g/l ýsucrose improved the normality and germination of somatic embryos and also adding ýý120 or 130g/l mannitol improved the germination of somatic embryos. Adding 130g/l ýsucrose increased the number of secondary embryos. Adding 100 or 120g/1 sucrose ýincreased the total and reducing sugars contents while adding 30g/l sucrose increased the ýnonreducing sugars.ý