Bioavailability of vitamin E in humans: an update
2013
Borel , Patrick(auteur de correspondance) (INRA , Marseille (France). UMR 1260 Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique ) | Preveraud , Damien (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleInstitut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueAix-Marseille UniversitéAdisseo, MarseilleMarseilleMarseille(France). INSERM, UMR1062, Nutrition, obesity and risk of thrombosisUMR1260Faculté de médecineCentre of expertise and research in nutrition, commentry) | DESMARCHELIER , CHARLES (INRA , Marseille (France). UMR 1260 Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique )
Vitamin E is essential for human health and may play a role in the prevention of some degenerative diseases. Its bioavailability, however, is wide ranging and is affected by numerous factors. Recent findings showing that the intestinal absorption of vitamin E involves proteins have raised new relevant questions about factors that can affect bioavailability. It is, therefore, opportune to present a current overview of this topic. This review begins by exploring what is known, aswell as what is unknown, about the metabolization of vitamin E in the human upper gastrointestinal tract and then presents a methodical evaluation of factors assumed to affect vitamin E bioavailability. Three main conclusions can be drawn. First, the proteins ABCA1, NPC1L1, and SR-BI are implicated in the absorption of vitamin E. Second, the efficiency of vitamin E absorption is widely variable, though not accurately known (i.e., between 10% and 79%), and is affected by several dietary factors (e.g., food matrix, fat, and fat-soluble micronutrients). Finally, numerous unanswered questions remain about the metabolization of vitamin E in the intestinal lumen and about the factors affecting the efficiency of vitamin E absorption.
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