Standard determination of yield potential and loss adjustment instruction sets in different growth stages of Cotton from the view point of natural and managerial hazards differentiationý.

Crop insurance is designated to make the insured producer to transfer the major portion of his growing risk to multi-peril crop insurance which, in turn, spreads the risk among many producers throughout time. Crop insurance may be regarded as the necessary means to reach the ultimate goal in the agricultural sector, which is the increase of the total volume of crop, livestock, and other agricultural productions, on the road to gradual gaining of self- sufficiency in the sector. The producer's farming operation is stabilized as the insurance allows the prediction of a given amount of income at a specified time by either actual production or payment of indemnity. Aiming for high yield per hectare, crop insurance enables a producer to invest additional money necessary to obtain increased production per hectare. The result of the implementation of the insurance scheme in the agricultural sector is that this sector is coming to resemble other industries in the felt need for risk transfer mechanisms that will at least provide protection against certain natural catastrophic risks, and help the fluctuations in the inherently unstable cash flows of agricultural industries.Variety in climate and weather conditions has made agriculture, unlike any other economic activity, subject to unknown natural hazards which can neither be predicted nor prevented. Therefore, the chief characteristic of agricultural activities is their very direct connection with the nature. This means, with the occurrence of unfavorable natural conditions, the farmer is faced with a decrease in the level of production and total yield which, in turn, will not only create an income deficiency but, if repeated, will also deprive a producing farmer or livestock breeder from any possibility of a future investment in the field. In order to prevent a crop disaster from rapidly turning into a financial disaster for a farmer or farm family, crop insurance can be regarded as a chief preventive-protective measure which can play a vital role in safe-guarding the farmers production line. Crop catastrophes often necessitate government loans, grants, or other financial assistance to affected producers. In a year of crop failure, crop insurance provides an alternate source of income to meet loan payment.On the other hand, it is helpful to know that studies have shown that Iran has been introduced as the tenth country, in the world, most prone to calamities and natural hazards. In other words, out of 40 different kinds of natural calamities, glibly registered, 31 of them happen to occur in Iran.Supporting cotton production through crop insurance can help cotton growers income stability and insure farmers to receive loss damage in case of natural events and they will be inclined to grow cotton more. Base on service description of Insurance Fund and in order to recognize and separate the necessary technical and scientific standard for determining the monuments arising from either natural events or management damage during damage adjustment for deferent cotton growing stage. This has been done by collecting information from internal and external research resources and also by visiting cotton growing area preparing pictures comparing results and observations in order to determine fields yield potential and damage adjustment for both natural events and managements factors. Results are given in illustrated books and educational fascicles with complete and latest scientific and technical information with practicable and prospective agricultural view . This collection represent the importance of cotton in economic, history, the use and the specifications of species. Varieties and cultivars. How to recognize, determine yield potential before and after planting, methods of taking representative sample for loss adjustment in separation of both natural events and management by using internal and others countries experience. Drawing a research results in a manner that is useable for insurance fund was our main gold. Agriculture is a dominant sector in a large number of developing countries and accounts for a major part of their GNP. Not only it continues to be an important sector for employment but agricultural products are also important in the export field. Recognizing the importance of agriculture, the crucial role of agricultural insurance, as a necessary practice in the sector, must also be recognized. Agricultural insurance has an important role and is an essential activity in stabilizing financial fluctuations for those engaged in agriculture. In view of high risks involved in crop insurance, particularly in the event of a natural catastrophe, governments are to support, as a matter of policy, programs of crop insurance with appropriate resources. Since it is recognized that a large sector of the agricultural community consisting of subsistence farmers is and must be continuously supported in various ways, the importance of agricultural insurance, as a major example of that support, becomes more evident. Moreover, support for crop insurance including premium subsidies, continues to be provided by governments in certain developing economies.