[Genetic Improvement for some quality traits in maize population SH with two selection methods half-sib and full _sib family selection]

This study was conducted at the farm of Agriculture Faculty -Damascus university in karabo during 2011 and 2012 growing seasons, 32 family were planted improved by using half sib selection and full sib according RCB design with three replications. in order to assess the Standard heterosis two check varieties (Ghota-82, Ghota-1) were used. the broad sense heritability and genetic advance were studied to determine the act of genetic traits in addition to the correlation and regression, for each of the characters: silking days, plant height, ear height, days to physiological maturity, ear diameter, the number of rows, ear length, number of kernels per row, howl ear weight, and kernels weight per ear, 100 kernel Wight, green yield, starch ratio, protein ratio,and oil ratio . The results showed that Full sib selection was more effective than half sib to improve all traits except number of kernels per row and 100 kernel Wight, which was more improved in half sib selection, In both way of election the families which was most earlier in silking days and days to physiological maturity were shorter and has less higher ear and has negative standard heterosis for these characters, and the families which has most superior in the characters of number of kernels per row and howl ear weight and the kernels weight per ear and the green yield and starch productivity achieved positive significant standard heterosis. In both way of election the characters of (silking days, plant height, height ear, days to physiological maturity)were effected with the both influence of additive and unadditive gene action, while the rest of the qualities were effected with additive gene action . The broad sense heritability of starch ratio, protein ratio,and oil ratio in full sib selection were (60.8, 60.35, 60.4) respectively, and were higher than it in the half sib election (60.3, 60.66, 60.1), as well as the genetic advance of starch ratio, protein ratio,and oil ratio in full sib selection which were (20.3, 24.36, 21.71) respectively, and it was higher than in the election fraternal half (20.2, 18, 20.85). In both way of election the correlation between (silking days, plant height, height ear, days to physiological maturity) and each of green yield and its components and starch ratio was positive, and the correlation between protein and oil ratio was positive ,but correlation between all characters with protein and oil ratio were negative . In full sib selection the correlation between grain yield and each of starch, protein and oil ratio was (0.91, -0.66, -0.54), while it was (0.93, -0.68, -0.43) for the same qualities in half sib election. In half sib selection early silking days decrease in plant height and high ear and days to physiological maturity and high ratios of protein and oil by (64,76,92, 49.38%), respectively, and result in reduced plant height to lower high ear and early days to physiological maturity and high ratios of protein and oil was (86,82, 64,44)%, respectively, and leads low ear rise to early maturity physiological and high protein and oil ratios by (91,46,38)%, respectively, and lead the early physiological maturity to the high protein and oil ratios by ( 56.47%), respectively, and Increased diameter ear the leads to 100 kernel Wight (31%), and increase the number of rows lead to increased howl ear weight, and kernels weight per ear, and increase the green yield and starch productivity by (35,36,35,33)%, respectively , and increase the weight howl ear weight lead to increased kernels weight per ear and green yield and starch productivity by (98, 91.79%), respectively, and increased kernels weight per ear lead to increased green yield and starch productivity by (89, 83)%, respectively, and increased 100 kernel Wight lead to increase green yield and starch productivity by (46, 43)%, respectively, and increased green yield lead to increase starch productivity rate (86%), and increase the proportion of starch lead to reducing both the protein content and oil shale by (66, 31)%, respectively , and increase the proportion of protein leads to increase the proportion of oil by 34%. As for the election of Full sib selection early silking days is decrease in plant height and high ear and early physiological maturity and high ratios of protein and oil by (79,80,97, 61.36%), respectively, and result in reduced plant height to lower high ear and early physiological maturity and high ratios protein and oil by (98,88,63, 38%), respectively, and leads low ear rise to early physiological maturity and high protein and oil ratios by (88,66,37)%, respectively, and lead the early physiological maturity to the high protein and oil ratios by (62.39)%, respectively, increasing the diameter ear lead to increase the proportion of starch by (33%), and increase the number of rows Increasing the starch by (31%), respectively, and increased howl ear weight lead to increased kernels weight per ear and increase green yield and starch by (98, 96.78%), respectively, and increase the weight of seed lead to increased green yield and starch by (92, 82)%, respectively, and increased 100 kernel Wight lead to increased green yield (32%), and increased green yield lead to increase the starchy content by (82%), and increase the proportion of starch lead to reducing both the protein content and oil shale by (67%), and increase the proportion of protein leads to increase the proportion of oil by 48%.