Sustaining Trade Reform : Institutional Lessons from Peru and Argentina

Baracat, Elías A.; Finger, J. Michael; León Thorne, Raúl; Nogués, Julio J.

Sustaining Trade Reform : Institutional Lessons from Peru and Argentina

2013

Baracat, Elías A. | Finger, J. Michael | León Thorne, Raúl | Nogués, Julio J.

This paper examines trade policies in Peru and Argentina since the reforms of the 1990s. Peru provides a valuable example of sustaining reform. Leaders have used negotiations and other international instruments to disseminate among Peruvians a positive vision of Peru in the international economy and to extend the application of World Trade Organization-based governance principles. Peru has introduced few new restrictions and all of them have been through World Trade Organization-sanctioned policy instruments. Argentina, by contrast, has introduced multiple restrictions, through procedures that eschew World Trade Organization governance principles. Moreover, leaders there have returned trade politics to the dependencia philosophy that sees the international economy as an exploitive environment. The paper brings out the weakness of international obligations to limit Argentina's return to import substitution and the pains at which Peru has gone to maintain the management of its economy within the same rules that Argentina has so easily violated.

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agricultural policies bankruptcy business associations civil society classical economics consumer protection decision making developing countries development strategy dispute settlement domestic production domestic trade dumping economic integration european union exchange rate export restrictions export subsidies exports external debt extreme poverty foreign investment foreign trade free trade human rights import controls import quotas import substitution imports international bank international law international trade international trade policies legal system market access monopolies property rights supermarkets taxation tourism trade agreements trade barriers trade liberalization trade negotiations trade policies trade protection trade unions unfair competition value added wages world markets world trade organization wto

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Editorial

World Bank, Washington, DC

Otras materias

Liberalization of trade; Competition policy; Trade controls; Tax credits; Round agreements; Trade alert; Chambers of commerce; International community; Export taxes; Bilateral talks; General agreement on tariffs; Import tariffs; Payroll taxes; Developing world; Tariff bindings; Debts; Quantitative restrictions; Policy research; Non-tariff barriers; Trade balance; Economic cooperation; Open markets; International rules; Domestic support; Protectionism; Investigating authority; Import duty; Gdp; Trading system; Export support; Bovine meat; Free trade association; Competitive market; Political economy; Domestic industries; Countervailing duties; Written instrument; Trade regime; Customs offices; Deregulation; Trade policy reform; Trade policy; Free movement of goods; Domestic producers; International economy; Export quotas; Home market; Economic history; Exporters; International trading; Import barriers; International competitiveness; Closed economy; Protectionist policies; International negotiations; Protectionist pressures; External shocks; Tariff levels; Tax structure; Trade commission; Trade deficits; Council for trade in goods; Central bank; Customs; Reputations; Unilateral liberalization; International competition; Trade preference; Application of standards; Small business; Apparel; Exporting country; Import license; Capital flows; Countervailing measures; Commercial policy; Tariff rates; Economic performance; Development policy; Tariff changes; Protectionist; Dispute settlement body; Trade reform; Export sector; Import restrictions; Imported products; Competitiveness; Agreement on agriculture; Per capita incomes; Domestic demand; Barriers to trade; Foreign goods; International prices; Agreement on safeguards; Economic efficiency; Openness; Investment incentives; Foreign exchange; National treatment; Competitive markets; Open trade; Tariff exemptions; Trade restrictions; World economy; International markets; Concessions; Export barriers; Tariff policy; Oil imports; Import licenses; Economic policy; Import bans; Entry point; Trade control measures; Trade remedy; Technical regulations; Agreement on trade; Contracting parties; Foreign markets; Electronics industry; Market economy; Trade deficit; Global trade; Economic reforms; Agreement on trade-related investment; Intellectual property; Global economy; Administrative procedures; Domestic currency; Agreement on import licensing procedures; Domestic prices; Free trade agreement; Export markets; Foreign currencies; World trade; Export finance; Import regime; National trade policy; Accords; Trade remedies; Uruguay round; International trading system; Reform program; Countertrade; Import products; Trade strategy; International economics; Antidumping; Per capita income; Domestic market; Tax; Technical barriers; Dispute settlement process; Open trade regime; Foreign competition; Price subsidies; Import licensing

Licencia

Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6610http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/World BankCC BY 3.0 IGO

Fuente

Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6610

En AGRIS desde: 2014-09-15

Formato: AGRIS AP

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http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16838

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Sustaining Trade Reform : Institutional Lessons from Peru and Argentina

2013

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