Biodiversity, Climate Change, and Adaptation : Nature-based Solutions from the World Bank Portfolio

agricultural production agriculture alien species amphibians animal aquatic ecosystems artisanal fisheries beaches biodiversity biodiversity conservation biological diversity biological resources biology biomass bird birds botanists breeding carbon dioxide cattle civil strife climate climate change coastal areas coastal communities coastal fisheries coastal waters coastal zone management coastal zones community involvement conservation coral coral reefs corals crops domestic animals drainage elephants erosion erosion control estuaries exotic species fauna fish fisheries flood control flooding flora food security forest conservation forest degradation forest ecosystems forest fires forest governance forest law forest resources forestry forests fresh water freshwater freshwater ecosystems fruits goats grasslands greenhouse gas emissions greenhouse gases habitats highlands indicator species invasive species lake lakes land management land tenure land use livestock mammals mangrove swamps mangroves marine ecosystems marine resources marshes meadows mitigation mountain ranges mountains national parks native species natural forests natural resources oceans pastures peat plains plant plant communities plantation plantations pollination pollutants rainfall rainforests range management rare species reservoirs riparian zones runoff saltwater intrusion sea level sewage treatment sheep ships species species richness storms streams taiga temperate forests tiger tigers tourism vegetation watershed management watersheds wetland restoration wetlands wilderness areas wildlife