Effect of fertilizers with different ratio of N to P on water storage capacity of soil and grain protein accumulation in dry land wheat | 氮磷比对旱地小麦土壤水分及籽粒蛋白质积累的影响

Chino. 为给旱地小麦高产优质栽培提供理论措施，采用大田试验研究了不同氮磷比对旱地小麦0～100cm土壤蓄水量、籽粒蛋白质积累差异的影响。结果表明：增加施氮量增加了N:P为1:0.5和1:0.75条件下越冬至抽穗期0～100cm土壤蓄水量，显著增加了0～35d籽粒蛋白质含量、成熟期籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量、谷醇比、蛋白质产量，降低了开花期和成熟期土壤蓄水量。结果还表明：施氮量为150kg/hm2，增加施磷量增加了越冬至抽穗期土壤蓄水量、成熟期籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量、谷醇比、蛋白质产量，显著增加了0～35d籽粒蛋白质含量，降低了开花期、成熟期土壤蓄水量；施氮量为180kg/hm2，越冬至抽穗期土壤蓄水量以N:P为1:0.75最高，开花期、成熟期以N:P为1:0.5显著最高；0～35d籽粒蛋白质、成熟期籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量、谷醇比、蛋白质产量均以N:P为1:0.75显著最高，N:P为1:0.5最低。此外，籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量、谷醇比、蛋白质产量与越冬至抽穗期土壤蓄水量呈显著或极显著正相关，与开花期、成熟期土壤蓄水量呈负相关。可见，旱地小麦深松＋深施有机肥条件下，播前适当增施氮肥且N:P为1:0.75有利于增加越冬至抽穗期土壤蓄水量，降低开花期、成熟期土壤蓄水量，增强小麦抗旱性，提高籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量、谷醇比、蛋白质产量。

Inglés. Field trials were conducted to study the effect of fertilizers with different nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P) ratio on the water storage capacity of soil (WSCS) and grain protein accumulation in dry land wheat. The results showed that the WSCS between 0 - 100 cm depth were significantly increased during the wintering to heading stage of grain plant when the content of N was increased up to N to P ratio at 1:0.75 and 1:0.5 in the fertilizer and grain protein content from 0 to 35 d, matured grain protein and proline content, glu/gli ratio, and protein yield were significantly increased but WSCS during the flowering period and mature stage were decreased. The results also showed that when the N concentration was 150 kg/hm2 in the fertilizer, WSCS was increased with the increasing of P concentration in the fertilizer during the wintering to heading stage of the grain, as well as the grain protein and proline content in mature stage, glu/gli ratio, protein yield. The grain protein content from 0 - 35 d was significantly increased, but WSCS at the flowering and mature stages were decreased. When N concentration was 180 kg/hm2 and the ratio of N to P was 1:0.75, WSCS at the wintering to heading stage were the highest. When the ratio of N to P was 1:0.5, WSCS at the flowering and mature stage were the highest. Grain protein content from 0 to 35 d, grain protein and proline content in mature stage, glu/gli ratio, and protein yield were the highest and significantly different from other stage, but those values were the lowest when the ratio of N to P at 1:0.5. In addition, the grain protein and proline content, glu/gli ratio and protein yield showed a significantly positive relation with WSCS at the wintering and heading stage, but showed negative relation at flowering and mature stage. The conclusions were that WSCS could be increased at winte-ring to heading stage and were decreased at flowering and mature stage with the increasing of N content in the soil to the ratio of N to P at 1:0.75, which could enhance drought resistance, and improving grain protein and proline content, glu/gli ratio and protein yield.