Detection and geographical distribution o Whitely-transmitted geminiviruses (WTGs) in cucumber and tomato's greenhouses in the major cucurbit growing areas in Iran

In recent years, dierent whitely transmitted viruses associated or involved in yellowing symptoms have been reported rom greenhouse- and open ield-grown cucumber and tomato, worldwide. In Iran, yellowing symptoms and high population o whitelies have been observed in many cucumber and tomato grown greenhouses, too. In this study, intensive surveys were conducted in the major cucumber and tomato growing areas (greenhouses) in ten provinces o Iran: Khorasan-Razavi, Tehran, Semann, Isahan, Yazd, ars, Kerman, Bushehr, Hormozgan, and Khuzestan. Cucumber and tomato lea samples (n=535, 375, respectively) showing yellowing, thickening and chlorotic symptoms were collected and tested or the presence o most important and prevalent viruses such as Cucumber chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV), Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV), Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and Tomato inectious chlorosis virus (TICV) which associated or involved in yellowing symptoms, using double/triple-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS/TAS-ELISA) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). DAS/TAS-ELISA and RT-PCR results conirmed the presence o viral inection in cucumber greenhouses and showed the inection o collected samples (~38%) to: CCYV, CVYV, and CYSDV. CCYV and CVYV were not detected in Bushehr and CYSDV in Hormozgan provinces. The majority o the collected cucumber lea samples were inected by CCYV and CVYV (42%), and low inection o samples was related to CYSDV (24%). The major rate o inection to CCYV, CYSDV, and CVYV related in samples where collected rom Semnan, Bushehr, and Hoemozgan provinces was 90, 57, and 81%, respectively. Mixed inections were also ound in 59% o the symptomatic samples. Double inection was the most mixed inection (CCYV+CYSDV, 45%). DAS/TAS-ELISA and RT-PCR results showed that 40% o tomato samples were inected with ToCV and was detected in all surveyed regions. This is the irst report o the ToCV rom Iran. TICV was not detected in tomato lea samples. The major rate o inection to ToCV related in tomato samples collected rom Isahan, Semnan, and Tehran provinces was 75, 58, and 53%, respectively. These results conirmed the presence o whitely transmitted viruses in associated with yellowing symptoms in the major cucumber and tomato greenhouses in Iran.