Impacts of Urban High Temperature Events on Physiology of Apple Trees: A Case Study of ‘Fuji’/M.9 Apple Trees in Daegu, Korea
2013
Sagong, D.H., National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, R.D.A., Gunwi, Republic of Korea | Kweon, H.J., National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, R.D.A., Gunwi, Republic of Korea | Park, M.Y., National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, R.D.A., Gunwi, Republic of Korea | Song, Y.Y., National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, R.D.A., Gunwi, Republic of Korea | Ryu, S.H., National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, R.D.A., Gunwi, Republic of Korea | Kim, M.J., National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, R.D.A., Gunwi, Republic of Korea | Choi, K.H., National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, R.D.A., Gunwi, Republic of Korea | Yoon, T.M., Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
In this study, we examined the effect of high temperature of urban area on the physiological response of apple tree including the photosynthesis, shoot growth, and fruit quality of ‘Fuji’/M.9 apple trees planted at Daegu urban area (DUA) and Gunwi rural area (GRA) for 2 years (2009-2010). During the apple growing season (April-October), the average air temperature of DUA was about 3.0oC higher than that of GRA and the total rainfall of DUA was 130 mm more than that of GRA. During fruit enlargement stage (June-August), the number of days that recorded daily mean temperature of over 30oC were ten on DUA in 2010, but there was no day when such temperature was experienced in 2009. Average air temperature of DUA during the maturation stage (September-October) was 19.8oC, which was 4.0oC higher than that of GRA. The higher temperature of over 30oC during fruit enlargement stage decreased the photosynthetic rate, shoot growth, fruit weight, and soluble solid content of ‘Fuji’/M.9 apple tree. The moderate temperature of about 20oC during maturation stage increased the photosynthetic rate and soluble solid content of ‘Fuji’/M.9 apple tree, but decreased fruit red color. In regional comparison with GRA, photosynthetic rate of DUA was changed from lower before rainy season to higher after rainy season. Fruit weight was higher in DUA than that of GRA. However, fruit weight between DUA and GRA did not show the difference when accumulated days that recorded daily maximum temperature over 35oC of DUA was increased. Compared to the GRA, soluble solid content of DUA was higher, but fruit red color of DUA was less. These results indicate that the poor red coloring is the most problematic in ‘Fuji’/M.9 apple tree by global warming and urbanization.
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