2D and 3D modelling in landscape architecture

Inglés. In architecture, urbanism, city planning, as well as in landscape architecture we come across efforts to work with complex 3D models, which were created from geometrical 2D and 3D data and semantic data originating from different databases. Concepts of data systems for architectural and urbanistic 2D and 3D models have been already developed, but landscape architecture models still miss clear structure of used input and output data. In our work we decided to study 3D models of private gardens, as we understand this type of space as a significant city making constituent, which can influence its environmental qualities. For the purpose of research 55 private gardens around city Bratislava were chosen. These gardens directly reflect trends in urbanisation of city, transformation of land and the country in the city hinterland. At the beginning we summarized all of the input data landscape architects work with. Studying the output data we tried to point at the use of 3D models of landscape architectonic works not only for presentation of architectonic solution, but mainly for the purpose of planning of urban zones, as all of the models have significant task of data holder. Subsequently simple analyses aimed at environmental qualities of proposals were elaborated. In conclusion of our work we propose the concept of structure of 3D informational landscape model with the particular focus on usage in processes of urban planning. Defined structure of landscape models may be incorporated into existing 2D GIS databases and thus influence the quality of landscape architects work. These complex 3D landscape models can also serve as layouts for updating already existing data in databases and accuracy improvements to 2D models.

Letón. Arhitektūrā, urbānismā, pilsētplānošanā un arī ainavu arhitektūrā mēs sastopamies ar to, ka tiek strādāts ar apjomīgiem 3D modeļiem, kuri tikuši radīti no ģeometriskiem 2D un 3D datiem. Uzsvars šajā pētījumā ir likts uz skaidrības trūkumu tajā, kādus datus izmanto un rada veidojot 3D modeļus ainavu arhitektūrā. Kā pētījuma objekts tika izvēlēts privāto dārzu 3D modeļi 55 teritorijām Bratislavā tās rajonā. Pēc pētījumā iegūtajiem rezultātiem kļuva skaidrs, ka ainavu arhitekta priekšlikuma izstrāde norisinās pilnībā datorizēti 2D un 3D dimensijās. Ne vienmēr priekšlikumu izstrādē tiek ņemti vērā visi faktori, vai nu informācijas trūkuma dēļ, vai sarežģītības un laika limita ietekmē. Jo pilnīgāks ir izveidotais modelis, jo vairāk informācijas un datu tas sniedz, līdz ar to šādu pilnīgu modeli ir iespējams visai plaši pielietot pētījumos, piemēram, analizējot vietējo un introducēto sugu proporciju esošajā un arī projektētajā situācijā.