NMR-analysis of needles essential oils of some introduced Abies (Pinaceae) species

Ruso. Приведены результаты анализа образцов эфирных масел 12 видов пихт, интродуцированных в Беларуси. Установлено, что их эфирные масла близки по набору входящих в состав терпенов, отличия имеются лишь в содержании отдельных компонентов. Основными компонентами эфирных масел пихты являются пи-нены, камфен, лимонен и борнилацетат. Использование метода ЯМР позволяет дать экспрессную оценку состава эфирных масел пихт с определением количественного содержания отдельных соединений.

Inglés. Fir (Abies) needles appear a natural source of biologically active substances. Essential oil made of fir needle is widely used as perfumery and medicinal raw material. The main goal of the research appears evaluation of the compound composition of essential oil of introduced fir with the help of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and complex assessment of the possibility of use of this method for the express analysis of essential oil composition of Abies genus. During the research structural formulas of the main compounds of fir-tree essential oil have been analyzed. Chemical shifts of the compounds of essential oil of introduced fir-tree have been researched. 1H NMR specters of essential oil of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) have been measured. Composition of the essential oils of introduced fir species has been evaluated. The results of the research show that the essential oils of the 12 fir species (Abies) introduced in Belarus and compared with the help of 1H and 13C NMR analysis are close to each other on the set of terpens but the content of each component varies. Pines, camphene, limonene and bornylacetate are the main components of the essential oils. The use of NMR-spectroscopy allows giving an express assessment of fir essential oils composition with quantification of the content of selected compounds.