Primary active seed substances from medicinal plants as a possible supplement to livestock nutrition

Some of the active substances from the seeds of medicinal plants have a beneficial effect on human and animal health. The representatives of this group of plants, in addition to the secondary (biologically) active substances significant for their therapeutic properties and the flavours in the content of their seeds, have a high percentage of primary active substances (carbohydrates, oils, proteins and the like). These components are essential for plant growth and reproduction, but they are also very important as constituent substances. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of storage duration (from one to five years) on oil and protein content of the seeds of various medicinal plants. The seeds of 9 cultivated plant species namely: white mustard (Sinapis alba L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.), evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.), marigold (Calendula officinalis L.), milk thistle (Silybum marianum Gaertn.), black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), borage (Borago officinalis L.) and castor oil plant (Ricinus communis L.) were analyzed. Laboratory studies have been performed in three replications in the course of 2014 according to accredited methods. On average, the highest oil content was obtained from castor seed (50.44%), whereas the lowest average oil content was recorded in fenugreek seed (5.35%). The greatest statistically significant variation of the oil content was observed in the seeds of white mustard. In spite of that, the highest number of medicinal plants had a statistically considerable reduction in oil contents between seeds of different ages. The highest protein content was recorded in the seeds of white mustard (31.96%), which was by about 2.3 times higher than the lowest protein content in seeds of evening primrose (13.80%). The largest statistically significant variation in protein content was observed with the seeds of white mustard, marigold and flax. The high content of oil and protein, with their beneficial effects, can positively affect the proper functioning of the immune system of bred animals, and can also work as an antioxidant, as a blood purifier, it destroys intestinal parasites, stops diarrhea, and cures foot-and-mouth disease, and the like.