Phytoremediation as a tool for remediation of the glass work contamination sites as an environmental friendly technique | Fitoremediācija kā rīks un videi draudzīgs paņēmiens stikla rūpnīcu piesārņojuma sanācijai
2017
Purmalis, O., University of Latvia, Riga (Latvia). Dept. of Environmental Science | Burlakovs, J., Linnaeus Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Biology and Environmental Science | Jani, Y., Linnaeus Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Biology and Environmental Science | Hogland, W., Linnaeus Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Biology and Environmental Science
In Sweden, more than 50 old glassworks (known as the Kingdom of crystal) and their landfills represent one of the main sources of heavy metals to the Baltic Sea environment. According to the county administrative boards in Kalmar and Växjö the old glassworks sites contain an estimated 420 tonnes of arsenic, 30 tonnes of cadmium, 3100 tonnes of lead (and other heavy metals like cu, Ba, Zn and Ni) and more than 260,000 m 3 of waste glass (Jani et al., 2014). Different remediation techniques have been used to remediate and rehabilitate the excavated contaminated sites like physical, chemical and biological methods. One of the most important biological methods that can be used in situ is the phytoremediation method. This method is based on the ability of the plants to absorb metals from the contaminated soil and save the metals in their shoots or roots (Ali et al., 2013). Then, the plants are harvested and the metals can be recovered by using different techniques. One of such methods is electrowinning, which is considered to be one of the most environment-friendly and cheap compared to other chemical, physical and biological methods (Abdi et al., 2015). Different parameters play an important role in gaining the best efficiency of phytoremediation (Tangahu et al., 2011): rooting depth, climate conditions, and type of the chosen plant, soil characteristics and the pollutants’ chemical and physical properties. According to the primary studies (Jani et al., 2014), alfalfa (lucerne) and sol rose (flower) showed the ability to withstand the hard winter conditions and to extract metals like arsenic and barium with acceptable concentration, thus contributing to the treatment of technogenic soils contaminated with glass residues and extraction of metals from technogenic soils under the Swedish climatic conditions.
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