Effect of composting on weed seeds survival
2015
Božić, Dragana (Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade-Zemun (Serbia)) | Filipović, Vladimir (Institute for Medicinal Plant Research Dr Josif Pančić, Belgrade (Serbia)) | Matković, Ana (Institute for Medicinal Plant Research Dr Josif Pančić, Belgrade (Serbia)) | Marković, Tatjana (Institute for Medicinal Plant Research dr Josif Pančić, Belgrade (Serbia)) | Vrbničanin, Sava (Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade-Zemun (Serbia))
Biological waste used for the preparation of compost can be a source of weed seeds. Survival of these seeds during composting depends on several factors, especially on temperature. Also, the method of composting and the addition of activators can have an important role for the reduction of weed seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the method of composting which is the most effective in destroying the viability of weed seeds. Compost was prepared using biological waste produced at fields of the Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr Josif Pančić” from Belgrade, located in Pančevo. The experiment was designed with four treatments: COMP1 (control variant- biological waste without activators), COMP2 (biological waste treated with microbiological fertilizer Bactofil B-10 in the amount of 1.5 L per 10 T), COMP3 (biological waste treated with the organic NPK fertilizer Ekovital in the amount of 2 L per 10 T) and COMP4 (biological waste treated with Urea in the amount of 50 kg per 10 T). Effects of activators on weed seed survival were analyzed based on weed emergence from compost in June 2014. Generally, the addition of different activators affected the survival of weed seeds. The highest number of emerged weed plants was recorded in COMP1, followed by COMP2 and COMP3, while the lowest number of emerged plants was obtained in COMP4. Number of weed species whose seeds survived in COMP1, COMP2 and COMP3 was 17, while in COMP4 seeds of only 8 species survived. Seeds of those 8 weed species (Amaranthus retroflexus L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Chenopodium album L., Digitaria sanguinalis L. (Scop.), Panicum crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Portulaca oleracea L., Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv., Solanum nigrum L.) survived in all treatments.
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