Molecular and morphological identification of Aspergillus species on corn seeds
2016
Barošević, Tijana | Bagi, Ferenc | Budakov, Dragana | Kocsubé, Sándor | Varga, János | Grahovac, Mila | Stojšin, Vera
In 2012, for the first time in Serbia, significant problems arose with colonization and contamination of corn with fungi from genus Aspergillus. High infection additionaly attracted public attention, because Aspergillus spp. can produce certain mycotoxins harmful to humans and animals. Aflatoxins are the best known mycotoxins in the world, with proven toxic, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects on human and livestock health. The aim of this study was to identify Aspergillus species on Serbian corn seeds during 2012 and to screen the distribution of the most predominant Aspergillus spp. in Vojvodina region (north Serbia). The fungi were isolated from corn seeds collected from 12 different locations on the territory of Vojvodina. For determination of fungi, morphological and molecular methods were used. Morphological characteristic of isolates were observed on MEA medium. For the PCR reaction, primer pair AflaFor and Bt2b was used in order to amplify β-tubulin gene. In addition to Aspergillus spp., fungi from genera: Fusarium, Penicillium and Rhizopus occurred on the corn seed samples also. According to the morphological features three species of genus Aspergillus were identified: A. flavus, A. niger and A. terreus. A. flavus was the most predominant species occuring in the range of 11-100%, followed by A. terreus (0-78%) and A. niger (0-21%). PCR amplification of β-tubulin confirmed morphological examinations showing that all isolates with green colonies belonged to the species A. flavus. This study could be of a great interest for establishing monitoring programs of Aspergillus spp. and their potential to produce aflatoxins in Serbia.
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