Animal husbandry of south of Russia: current state and prospects of development
2019
Pismennaya, E., Stavropol State Agrarian Univ. (Russian Federation) | Stucalo, V., Stavropol State Agrarian Univ. (Russian Federation) | Volters, I., Stavropol State Agrarian Univ. (Russian Federation) | Kipa, L., Stavropol State Agrarian Univ. (Russian Federation) | Azarova, M., Stavropol State Agrarian Univ. (Russian Federation)
The leading branch of the South of Russia is crop production, which specializes in the cultivation of cereals and industrial crops, as well as sheep, meat and dairy cattle husbandry. Animal husbandry is a capital-intensive production with long investment cycles and relatively high risks. A crisis situation has developed in the region’s animal husbandry: the number of all animal species has dramatically decreased, the livestock structure has changed in all categories of farms and problems have arisen with feed and their structural and nutritional imbalance. Thus, in the Stavropol Territory, the number of small ruminants tends to increase from 1428.8 to 2356.3 thousand heads. However, this number corresponds to unstable periods of the region development from 1916 till 1935 and from 1997 till 2014. For the period from 1999 till 2014 the number of cattle in the region did not significantly decrease (except for dairy cattle) and amounts to 389.9 thousand heads. At the same time, the dairy and meat products in the industry have decreased. In animal husbandry, only farms producing up to 80 % of milk and meat remain competitive. However, the largest share of feed production account for large agricultural enterprises. The cost of livestock production and the gap in the rate of gain weight are growing constantly. That is why there is a lack of meat and dairy products. The volume of gross output for the period from 2005 till 2017 is provided by the domestic and foreign import of meat, which increased 3 times. The import of milk has decreased by 1.8 times. In order to recover industry, the government of the Stavropol Territory declared 2018 as the year of animal husbandry.
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