Hydrological regime and pollution of the river and gulf Pechenga (Varanger-fjord of the Barents Sea) based on long-period data of Hydrometeorological department
2017
Gorin, S.L. | Leman, V.N.
The article summarizes the results of long-period observations carried out on the Russian hydrological monitoring network in the Pechenga gulf basin (the north of the Kola Peninsula) . The main river of the gulf is Pechenga (basing area is 1680 km2, normal annual discharge — 23 .7 m3/s) . In the winter there is a low runoff, in the spring — high snow-melt flood, in the summer and autumn — low-flow period in the river . Complete freezing usually continues from November till May . The annual turbidity (50 mg/l) is much higher than in the other rivers of the Kola Peninsula as it is an influenced by the metal mining) . Also there are many industrial pollutants in the river: nickel, copper, manganese, iron, sulfates, nitrite nitrogen and dithiophosphate . In the gulf the average annual salinity is 27 .2‰ (from 1958 the water became 1‰ less salty), average temperature — 5 .0 °C (showing a warming of 0 .8 °C from 1958) . According to expedition of Murmansk Marine Biological Institute in 1994–1997, the bottom soil contained many pollutants: nickel, chromium, lead and copper; organochlorine compounds; poly aromatic hydrocarbon; radionuclides
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