Çerezlik Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.)’nde Sulama, Azot Dozu ve Bitki Sıklığının Verim ve Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri

Confectionary sunflower in Turkey is cultivated widely in Eastern and Central Anatolia and in recent years, a significant increase is observed in the production area. This study was conducted during 2010 and 2011 in Edirne to investigate the effects of irrigation (S0: no water, S1: irrigation at the start of flowering, S2: irrigation at the start and complation of flowering), nitrogen (N) levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg/ha) and plant populations (47620, 35710, 28570 ve 23810 plants/ha) on confectionary sunflower’s yield, aspects of yield and quality characteristics. The study was set up in a Randomized Complete Block Design in split-split plots with 4 reps. According to the results of the study, as irrigation number increases, duration of physiological maturity, plant height, head diameter, thousand kernel weight (TKW), seed yield, grain width and length increase, but oil content decreases. N application of 150 kg/ha N gave the highest TKW, grain width and length, while 100 kg per hectare N application gave the highest shell ratio. Plant height, head diameter and grain yield varied with 100 kg and 150 kg per hectare nitrogen application for two years. As nitrogen level increases, oil content decreases and the highest oil content was obtained with no nitrogen application. As the plant population per hectare decreases, duration of flowering and physiological maturity, head diameter, TKW and shell ratio increase, but plant height, grain yield and oil content decrease. The highest effect in the study was obtained with irrigation applications. A 25,2% increase in grain yield in 2010 and 42,9 % in 2011; a 12,7 % increase in grain width in 2010 and 23,7 % in 2011; a 5,8 % increase in grain length in 2010 and 12,6 % in 2011, respectively were received in S2 application. As a result, when we consider the demands of producers, snack companies and consumers in confectionary sunflower cultivation, confectionary sunflower should be planted as 35710 plants/ha in density, irrigation should be done twice during flowering and 120-140 kg nitrogen per hectare should be applied.