Heavy metal and microbiological profiles of defatted pili (Canarium ovatum, Engl.) pulp meal residue and acute oral toxicity of its ethanolic extract in mice
2017
Arenas, E. H. | Trinidad, T. P.
Canarium ovatum, Engl. (Burseraceae) or Pili is a valued indigenous fruit tree crop in the Philippines. The defatted pili pulp meal, a mixture of fruit peel and pulp that remains after pili pulp oil extraction, may be considered a functional ingredient because of its high dietary fiber and phytonutrient content. This study provides initial information on the microbiological and heavy metal contents of defatted pili pulp meal residue and preliminary toxicity report of its ethanolic extract. Ground lyophilized samples were subjected to heavy metal and microbiological analyses. An ethanolic extract of the plant material was prepared for phytochemical screening and acute oral toxicity testing. Results showed that both heavy metals and microbiological profiles of defatted pili meal residue pass the criteria for botanical ingredients set by relevant regulatory agencies. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of important bioactive compounds namely, flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones, indoles, alkaloids, sterols, and terpenes. In acute oral toxicity, no mortalities were recorded over a 14- day experimental period. Neither significant gross and histopathological findings in liver and kidneys were detected. The LD50 of ethanolic extract in mice was estimated to be greater than 5 g/kg body weight. In conclusion, the pili pulp mixture may not present any potential public health risk when used as a component for food and drug products.
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