Preparation and characterisation of crystal glass products produced from Gong Belibis silica sand deposit, Setiu, Terengganu
2009
Mohamad Haniza Mahmud | Abdul Hadi Abdul Rahman
The silica sand deposit located at Km 55 Jalan Pantai Kuala Terengganu-Kuala Besut in the District of Setiu, North Terengganu consists of loose sand and of fine to coarse grain size. The deposit is developed over raised beaches of marine origin. The underlying bedrock is believed to be either metasediment of Late Paleozoic age or intrusive granitic rocks. The average content of SiD2 is 99.3% and that of Fe201, A1201, and TiD2 are 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.2% respectively. Screen analyses show that more than 90 % of the silica sand is within 150 to JJ80 micron size range. The total area of potential silica sand is about 1.9 mil/ion sq. metres with a total calculated reserve of about 2.6 mil/ion tonnes. According to Malaysian Standard, MS 701:1981 and British Standard BS 2975:1988, silica sand for making crystal glass should meet the grade B specification in which the purity of silica sand is not less than 99.5% with only a small amount of iron oxide (0.015%), alumina (0.05%), chromium oxide (maximum 2 ppm), and other mineral oxides. In the production of crystal glass, a front loading furnace is used and the maximum melting temperature is 140 ffc. After the melting process, physical evaluation on the crystal glass products were pertaining to completeness of melting such as existence of bubbles inside the crystal glasses. In order to ensure that the crystal glass quality meets the international standard, specification for crystal glass published by British standard BS 3828:1973 is taken as the guideline. Some of the parameters considered are density, surface hardness, and refractive index. In general, silica sand from Gong Belibis, Setiu Terengganu is suitable as a raw material for making crystal glass product.
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