?????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? | The importance of carbohydrates in a plant cell

Plant foods are highly represented in animal nutrition, and carbohydrates have a particularly important role in a plant cell. The plant cell is the basic structural and functional unit of a plant. It represents a small perfect laboratory in which hundreds of complex compounds originate. Structurally, it is made of the protoplast which is enclosed by the cell wall. The protoplast consists of the nucleus and cytoplasm in which the vacuole and various organelles are immersed: plastids, mitochondria, cytosomes, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and dyctiosomes (the Golgi complex).By chemical composition, each plant cell consists of inorganic and organic compounds. Inorganic compounds appear in the form of water and mineral salts, while organic compounds are in the form of carbohydrates, fatty materials, proteins and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates in a plant cell are found in various forms (mono-, oligo-,and polysaccharides) and are present in all parts of the cell. The cell wall is made of several different compounds of carbohydrates: the middle lamella is made of pectin, the primary cell wall of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and glycoprotein, while the secondary cell wall is made of cellulose imbued by other types of compounds (lignin, chitin and suberin), In the protoplast, the highest amount of carbohydrates is concentrated in the cellural juice in the vacuole. This is where glycose, sucrose, inulin, glycosides and pectins are stored. In the nucleus, ribosomes and mitochondria, carbohydrates are present as very important pentoses, ribose and deoxyribose, which are irreplaceable components of nucleic acids. The plastids, in which photosynthesis takes place, producing glycose, are rich in starch, because the generated glycose turns into primary starch which is then deposited in organs for storing. The Golgi complex is very important for a plant cell because it has enzymes for the synthesis of pectin, hemicellulose and glycoproteins, while cytosomes (glycosomes) have a task to convert oils into sugars in seeds. In conclusion, carbohydrates are not only spare materials in a cell but have a number of other specific roles. Currently, the role of various poly- and oligosaccharides in animal nutrition is being investigated.