EFFICIENCY OF GRAIN PRODUCTION IN AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS: FACTORS AND PRIORITIES OF PROVISION

The problem of increasing the efficiency of the development of the grain industry remains one of the most important priorities of the national economic policy of the Russian Federation, since grain production is a system-forming segment of the agro-industrial complex, as well as the dominant factor in the implementation of import substitution in the agri-food sector. In this regard, there is an objective need for scientific research, economic monitoring of the effectiveness of the development of grain farming in the context of the factors and priorities that ensure it. In the presented material, using general scientific and econometric research methods, trends in the development of grain production in the Oryol region are established. Monitoring of dynamic changes in gross harvests, sown area and yield for 1991–2019. The structural content of the grain production potential of the region is analyzed. The indicators of profitability of certain types of cereals and legumes were calculated and evaluated, an increase in the efficiency of the development of the grain industry of the Oryol region was stated. Attention is focused on the priorities that ensure profitable grain production - reducing direct and cost costs by increasing the level of labor productivity, reducing labor intensity, rational use of working resources, reducing losses; rational material and technical support of business entities; an increase in gross harvests and productivity of grain and leguminous crops. It is concluded that it is necessary to comply with the principle of the optimal ratio of the growth rates of labor productivity and its payment. From a practical point of view, the effective development of the grain industry helps to attract investments in agriculture, food and processing industries, ensure the integrated development of rural areas, form a single economic space, level the living conditions of the rural population and increase their income.