Ethiopia Public Expenditure Review

World Bank Group

Ethiopia Public Expenditure Review

2016

World Bank Group

Ethiopia’s remarkable socio-economic transformation over the last decade has been marked by: a reorientation of expenditure from recurrent to capital; a significant devolution of resources from Federal Government to Regions; and a clear prioritization of infrastructure spending, while protecting spending on education at four percent of GDP. The Government of Ethiopia has also leveraged external resources to boost spending in pro-poor sectors, particularly health and social protection. As a result, Ethiopia is home to the largest social safety net program in Africa, and has also achieved remarkable health outcomes using cost effective approaches. Recent investments have seen a significant build-up of capital stock, with capital spending at sector level pointing towards increased service capacity. The current public investment-led strategy requires to be complemented by increased budgetary provisions in operations and maintenance so that new investments translate into enhanced service coverage and delivery. As Ethiopia lays the foundation to become a middle income country, and the changing global environment implies declining external assistance, it is imperative that domestic taxation activity support this transition. The current tax-to-GDP ratio is low compared to peer countries, and the tax structure would benefit from increased contributions by direct tax sources. Therefore, there is an immediate need for advancing tax reforms and improve capacity and quality of tax administration. Broadening the tax bases, through review of exemptions, as well as review of tax rates might be venues to consider. Additional revenues will create the much-needed fiscal space to increase funding for operations and maintenance for service delivery, and support fiscal sustainability. As a follow-up to this Public Expenditure Review, the Government of Ethiopia has asked the World Bank to provide further analytical support, with a view to enhance domestic revenue mobilization through simpler and more efficient taxation, while retaining equity priorities in public finances.

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accountability aged aging allocation basic services budget children communicable diseases debt deficit disasters economic growth expenditure external debt families family planning financial institutions gross domestic product health health care health insurance health services hospitals hygiene immunization implementation incentives income tax internet knowledge medicines mortality needs assessment nutrition observation patient patients physicians pollution poverty reduction pregnancy pregnancy complications public education public enterprises public expenditure public health public investment public sector registration road construction sanitation services social insurance social protection social safety nets social security social services stress unemployment waste disposal weight workers

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Primary schools; Health centers; Aggregate fiscal; Total expenditure; Fiscal management; Service delivery; Birth attendant; Government accounts; Fiscal contraction; Secondary schools; Economic classification; Clinics; Real interest rate; Aggregate fiscal framework; Expenditure data; Sector budget; Expenditures; Decision-making; Capital spending; Total public expenditure; Health spending; Education expenditures; Prevention; Corporate income tax; Devolution of resources; Revenues; Operating expenses; Service providers; Government revenue; Tax structure; International comparisons; Domestic taxation; Debt relief; Local revenue; Infrastructure development; Program expenditure; Fiscal deficit; Tax administration; Fiscal stance; Ministry of finance; Cost effectiveness; People with disabilities; Health systems; Domestic revenue; Beneficiaries; Life expectancy; Government budget; Primary health care; Recurrent expenditure; Waste; Government expenditure; Health expenditures; Budget data; Gross fixed capital formation; Capital stock; Total spending; Public health system; Infrastructure investment; Personal income; Public service delivery; Institutionalization; Social work; Public capital; Intervention; Outcomes; Health interventions; Disabilities; Capital expenditures; Federal budget; Public service; Transparency; Programs; Aggregate fiscal management; Government spending; Budget deficit; Fiscal capacity; Fiscal position; Personal income tax; Capital accumulation; Tax bases; Fiscal analysis; Government finances; Health outcome; Health sector; Tax revenue; Public finances; Domestic credit; Deficit financing; Strategy; Tax rate; Health financing; Health indicators; Real growth; Fiscal sustainability; External assistance; Social support; Domestic debt; Environmental health; Outpatient care; Risks; Decision-making processes; Education spending; Public expenditure review; Health outcomes; Health expenditure; Debt limits; Nurses; Efficiency of public spending; Absenteeism; Tax rates; Fiscal envelope; Total public sector; External grants; People; Capital expenditure; Aggregate spending; Growth model; Public sector specialist; Capital budget; Budget strategy; Sector ministries; Tax incentives; Public spending; Antenatal care; Fiscal framework; Public infrastructure

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http://hdl.handle.net/10986/24370

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