INFLUENCE OF SODIUM CHLORIDE ON MORHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WHEAT AND MAIZE GENOTYPES

The effect of sodium chloride on the physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat and maize genotypes, the identification of salinity-tolerant varieties was studied. The objects of the study were parental and hybrid wheat forms grown under normal and salinity (0,98 % NaCl) conditions. To create new salt-tolerant varieties of wheat and maize, a comparative analysis of the physiological parameters of the parental and hybrid plants was carried out. Physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), and PSII activity have been studied in parental forms and hybrids. When studying salt-tolerance of hybrids and parental forms, differences were detected in the relative amounts of chlorophyll (a+b), carotenoids, RWC, as well as the photochemical activity of PS II. The effect of salt on the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids, which are the main physiological indicators, is manifested in different ways in both hybrids and parental forms. Negative effects of salt stress were observed in the content of photosynthetic pigments, photochemical activity of PS II and RWC in parental and hybrid forms. The content of chl a, chl b, the activity of PSII, RWC and grain yield were higher in the parental forms, Garabagh, Gobustan, Barakatli-95, and in the hybrids, ♀Garabagh×♂Gobustan, ♀Barakatli-95×♂Gobustan, ♀Gobustan×♂Gyrmyzy gul-1 and ♀Garabagh×♂Mirbashir-128. Due to these advantages, using these varieties and forms for future research is adviseable. The object of research was also the genotypes of maize Zagatala-420, Zagatala-514, Zagatala-68, Gurur and first generation (F1 ) hybrid Zagatal-68×Gurur. Plant seeds germinated under laboratory conditions in Petri dishes and pots with soil using 150 mmol of sodium chloride solution. At concentrations of NaCl solutions of 150 and 200 mmol seed germination, pigments content, and photosystem II activity in seedlings of maize genotypes decreased. Varieties Gurur and Zagatala-68 and F1 hybrid Gurur×Zagatala-68 were tolerant to 200 mmol salt concentration. It is appropriate to use these varieties and forms in future breeding works.