[Endophytic fungi in leaves of deciduous trees and their relation to leaf galls (Zoocecidia)]
1994
Pehl, L. (Biologische Bundesanstalt fuer Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Braunschweig (Germany). Inst. fuer Pflanzenschutz im Forst) | Butin, H.
After surface sterilisation of green leaves of maple, oak, beech and lime in 1992, the fungi occurring as endophytes were isolated and classified. The number of taxa was 22 for maple, 19 for beech, 25 for oak and 17 for lime. In addition to the identification of endophytes, the same tree species were examined throughout 1992 and 1993 for the occurrence of leaf galls, and the association of galls and leaf necrosis was noted. Of 34 observed galls, 14 were found to be associated with fungi. Between 8 % and 31 % of these galls had been killed due to fungal colonisation or necrotisation of the surrounding leaf tissue. The fungi involved were leaf endophytes which had apparently been stimulated to a pathogenic development by the presence of the gall. On beech, oak and lime, these fungi were almost exclusively Gloeosporium species, which were also isolated as the most frequent endophytes. On maple the most important species was Diplodina acerina, which influences the life cycle of Dasyneura vitrina. The results lead to the assumption, that there is an antagonistic association between selected fungal endophytes and certain gall insects and gall mites. For the host plant, these fungi are mutualistic since symbionts they help the plant to eliminate leaf pests. In return, the plant supports the endophytes and enables their sporulation and reproduction
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