Hymenopterous parasites and hyperparasites of Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hom., Aphididae) on sorghum in the Drome, France
1994
Gruber, F. | Poprawski, T.J. | Coutinot, D.
For 6 years, the abundance and efficacy of parasites of the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rond.) were studied in sorghum fields in the Drome Department, south-eastern France. The 10 species of primary parasites recorded included Aphidius ervi Hal., Aphidius matricariae Hal., Aphidius picipes Nees, Aphidius rhopalosiphi de S.P., Aphidius uzbekistanicus Luzh., Ephedrus plagiator (Nees), Praon gallicum Stary and Praon volucre Hal. (Aphididae); Aphelinus asychis Walk. and Aphelinus varipes Foerst. (Aphelinidae). The most common parasites belonged to the genera Praon and Aphelinus, but they rarely had a determining impact on the limitation of populations of S. graminum. Ten species of hyperparasites in the families Encyrtidae, Charipidae, Megaspilidae and Pteromalidae greatly reduced the efficacy of the primary parasites. Among the 14 different species of primary parasites (over 39 000 mummified cereal aphids) shipped from France to the United States in the frame of a biological control program against S. graminum, only A. asychis and A. varipes seem to have been established. In contrast, two cooperative biological control programs against cereal aphids in Brazil and Chile were successful, owing to a better synchronization in the shipments of exotic parasites by our laboratory and of releases by our collaborators overseas
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