[Protection of endangered forest plant species. Five case studies conducted in the Bernese Mittelland [Switzerland]]
1997
Kaenzig-Schoch, U. (Sigmaplan, Bern (Switzerland))
Campanula persicifolia (peach-leaved bellflower), Cephalanthera longifolia (long-leaved helleborine), C. rubra (red helleborine), Cypripedium calceolus (Lady's slipper), and Orchis purpurea (lady orchis) are five endangered forest species. Their former and present distribution, phytosociological, and ecological amplitude and vulnerability have been studied in the lower regions of the Bernese Mittelland (Switzerland) and at the south foot of the Jura. None of the species was frequently found withing the study area. Today three of them no longer dispose of many more than a few occurrences. Without protective measures most of them will disappear in the near future. The phytosociological amplitude of the species varies. There is a concentration of findings mostly in Cephalanthero-Fagenion, Erico-Pinion, and Quercion pubescenti-petraeae. Only O. purpurea occurs mainly in the Galio odorati-Fagenion. As different as these forest types may be, the sites of the studied species are almost all sparsely covered or semi-shady. Picking and gathering, mechanical operations, the conversion of forests, impairment of natural dynamics, sinking of ground water level, eutrophication of the soil, input of pollutants, destruction of marginal biotopes, and building activities are all factors which are responsible for the decrease in occurrences. It was found that protective measures should be determined separately for each individual species and case
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