Triticum aestivum L. x Dasypyrum villosum (L.) coss. et dur. ex candargy crosses
1991
Franke, R. | Meissner, C. | Nestrowicz, R. | Staat, B. (Institut of Breeding Research Quedlinburg (Germany))
For the transfer of genetic information from Dasypyrum villosum into Triticum altogether 19 Triticum aestivum forms were involved, included 'Chinese spring', 8 high-yielding winter wheats and 5 breeding lines. Crosses of Triticum durum cv. 'Rodur' x D. villosum failed. With Triticum turgidum, seeds were obtained and plantlets were grown up. Colchicine treatment resulted in forms with normal habit, sufficient fertility and good (back) crossability to wheat without need for embryo culture. In the combination T. aestivum x D. villosum, the high-yielding wheats had 0.084% seed set only with hybrid plants mortifying at the age of 3 to 4 leaves. Chinese Spring x D. villosum was well crossable. Since 1989 a D. villosum genotype was used which showed vernalisation need and was resistant to powdery mildew, yellow and leaf rust, eyespot and Gaeumannomyces. How expected the chromosome number of hybrid plants were 2n = 28. The colchicine treated ones possessed 2n = 56 chromosomes respectively. In the metaphase 1 the F1 showed 0 to 4 bivalents. Metaphase 2 was disturbed in a high degree. The plants were functional male sterile because of non-dehiscent anthers. When selfing was carried out, (low) seed set could be realised both in F1 and in C0 plants. Backcrosses were successful with the Hungarian variety Mv9. Karyopses from crosses and backcrosses were taken in vitro. They were cloned on a liquid MS medium with additional growth regulator with rates between 1:2 to 1:4 within 10 weeks. Presently, different F1, F2 and BC1 genotypes are in long term storage and available for further experiments.
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