Denitrification in soil - terminology and methodology (Review)
1998
Simek, M. (Jihoceska Univ., Ceske Budejovice (Czech Republic). Zemedelska Univ.)
Denitrification can be determined by a lot of methods, the most wide spread are those using isotope 15N and methods based on acetylene inhibition of reduction N2O. The advantage of the method of acetylene inhibition consists in its simplicity and sensitivity, disadvantages include undesirable side effects of acetylene on microorganisms and also acetylene metabolism in soil. An ability of respiratory denitrification belongs to many bacteria. Typical denitrification bacteria are aerobic chemoorganotrophic heterotrops, they can be also autotrophs. The majority of soil denitrifiers are classified in the genera Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes. Nitrate and nitrite concentrations in soil and close environment of denitrifiers is understandably a significant factor influencing denitrification activity. Intensity of denitrification can be increased many times by suitable soil moisture, e.g. in the time of heavier rains. Here again an advantageous interplay of factors concurs for denitrification: abundance of NO3-, high moisture and deficiency of O2. Aeration status and soil moisture, or ratio of air and water in soil pores, resp., significantly affect denitrification activity.
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