Observations on Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato and its control in Sardinia (Italy)
1996
Franceschini, A. | Maddau, L. | Corda, P. | Ionta, G. (Sassari Univ. (Italy). Istituto di Patologia Vegetale)
Crown and root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum sp. radicis-lycopersici is the most serious disease of greenhouse tomato in Sardinia. A 4 year survey has been carried out in 1299 greenhouses in order to study the disease etiology and to evaluate suitable protection measures. The disease occurred in 67% of cultivations made in soil and 43.5% of soilless ones with a prevalence ranging between 8.5 and 15.8% of infected plants. The disease severity was lower in untrated soils or in soils fumigated in the same year of planting than in soils fumigated the year before planting. The most affected cultivations were planted early in August-September with plants grown on compost in alveolar containers and trnsplanted with the substratum cube. The airborne dispersal of the pathogen, its capacity to colonize actively soils fumigated with methyl bromide, the susceptibility of most cultivars and the poor effectiveness of fungicides were alla factors allowing disease spreading. With regard to disease control, attempts by physical (solarizaqtion), chemical (soil disinfestation) and biological (antagonistic microrganisms) means yielded unsatisfactory results. At the present, effective control might be achieved using resistant-tolerant cultivars or susceptible cultivars grafted on resistant plants. Preventive measures aimed at reducing inoculum sources and avoiding recontamination of disinfested soils are crucial control strategies
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