Vegetative propagation of larch species: somatic embryogenesis improvement towards its integration in breeding programs
2016
Lelu-Walter, Marie-Anne | Teyssier, Caroline | Guérin, Vanina | Pâques, Luc
Vegetative propagation of forest trees offers advantages to both tree breeders and the forest industry. In larchvegetative propagation has chronologically followed three major developments: (i) clonal propagation by cuttings;(ii) ‘bulk’ vegetative propagation by cuttings and (iii) somatic embryogenesis. The latter has potentially numerousapplications such as the production of a large number of genetically improved plants and the amenability ofembryogenic cultures to be stored in liquid nitrogen. In Larix sp. several improvements of the somaticembryogenesis protocol have been developed. Maturation conditions are now well enough refined to regeneratehigh quality somatic embryos that are highly similar to zygotic embryos in their anatomy, physiology and proteincontent. Among conifer species, somatic embryogenesis of Larix has become a model for its multiple uses; itsintegration in a breeding program is now undertaken for clonal propagation of improved material of hybrid larchLarix x eurolepis. Indeed, somatic embryogenesis assists breeding strategies by offering an alternative tool for atthe same time accelerated production of plants for clonal testing and then for mass production; in addition,cryoconservation allows keeping material in a juvenile state and allows mass production of stored material at anytime. This review describes the different methods of vegetative propagation of larch sp., in particular the advances in somatic embryogenesis and requirements for its integration into a breeding program.
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