Comparative study of the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of extracts of various cornel (Cornus mas L.) organs | Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of Cornus mas L.

The paper presents the results of study of the chemical composition and the antioxidant activity of fruits, leaves and stones of dogwood (Cornus mas L.), growing in Qabala district of Azerbaijan. The antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extracts was tested using the 2,2 - diphenyl - 1 – picrylhydrazyl stable radical. It was found that various parts of dogwood differ in the content of biologically active substances. The content of anthocyanins, varies within the range of 0.053-0.434%, flavonoids 0.135-0.678 % total phenols 1.257-2.543%. The study of the qualitative composition of anthocyanins revealed the presence of derivatives of cyanidin, pelargonidine and delphinidin. The greatest content of anthocyanins are recorded in fruits, flavonoids and common phenols in leaves, and catechins in stones. As a result of the study of antioxidant activity, it was found that the extract from various dogwood organs does not react equally and inhibit free radicals. It was found that the antioxidant properties of organs change in the following increasing sequence: fruits (extraction with 90% ethanol), stones (70% ethanol), leaves (40% ethanol), leaves (70% ethanol), stones (40% ethanol). The greatest inhibitory activity was shown by the extract obtained from stones with 40% ethanol (0.75 ml of a concentration of 93%). The smallest - fruit extract obtained with 95% ethanol (2.5 ml concentration of 30%). In the leaves, the greatest inhibition was shown by the extract obtained with 70% ethanol (89%). As a result of the study of the antioxidant properties of extracts obtained from various dogwood parts, it was revealed that leaves, especially stones, which are waste in the production of juice, can become a complete raw material for concentrates, food and cosmetic additives in the production of various products.