Pogodnost standardnog sortimenta jabuke u uvjetima ekološke proizvodnje | Possibilities of standard apple varieties in organic production

Croata. Posljednjih deset godina svjedoci smo klimatskih promjena uslijed djelovanja različitih štetnih utjecaja na okoliš. U poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji rješenja se sve više traže u ekološkoj proizvodnji koja se temelji na korištenju metoda koje ne ometaju prirodne zakone te ne djeluju štetno na agroekološki sustav kao ni na zdravlje ljudi. S obzirom na velike troškove sadnje novog sortimenta prilikom prelaska na ekološku proizvodnju, cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrditi osjetljivost standardnih sorti na glavnu bolest jabuke, mrljavost lista i krastavost ploda (Venturia inaequalis), u sustavu ekološke zaštite u usporedbi s kontrolom tj. ne tretiranim djelom pokusa. Drugi cilj je bio utvrditi učinkovitost ekološkog tretmana na otpornom ili tolerantnom sortimentu jabuke. Dvogodišnji rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da su sorte 'Elshof' i 'Elstar' pokazale najmanju osjetljivost plodova na krastavost u ekološkom tretmanu ali i u usporedbi sa svim ostalim standardnim sortama u istraživanju. Od tolerantnih sorti najvišu otpornost je pokazala sorta 'Enterprise'. Sorta 'Priam' se također pokazala kao pogodna sorta za ekološki uzgoj i zadržala je stabilnost priroda u obje istraživane godine.

Inglés. During the last decade, we are witnessing climate change, occurring due to the various impacts harmful to the environment. In agricultural production, solutions are sought in organic production. The goal of organic production is to achieve high productivity and quality of the products by relying on the use of methods that do not interfere with natural equilibrium and do not have negative affect on agro-ecological system as well as human health. Considering the high cost of new planting when switching to organic production, the aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility of standard varieties to apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), the most important disease of apple, in organic pest control programme compared with control. Another goal was to determine the effectiveness of organic pest control programme on tolerant apple varieties compared to control. This research was conducted at the Agricultural Institute Osijek, Department for Fruit Growing and it lasted for two years (2011 - 2012). A total of 29 apple varieties were included in the study. Two-year research results showed that ‘Elshof’ and ‘Elstar’ varieties were the most resistant to the disease in organic treatment compared to control, but also compared to all the other standard varieties in the study. Among tolerant varieties, the best result was recorded for ‘Enterprise’ variety, while ‘Priam’ variety showed a good result within the organic pest control programme and maintained the stability of the yield in both investigated years.