Increasing Yolk Color Index by Using Calliandra Leaves Meals (Calliandra calothyrsus) and Shrimp Head Meals in Duck Diets

The yolk from intensive duck system mostly has pale color, so it is not interested to consumers. This is caused by the changing of raising pattern from scavenging in to intensive duck system. In intensive duck system, the duck is fed by a mixture of concentrate and rice brand, meanwhile under scavenging, the ducks get its feed from forage and small animal from backyard, wetland, and dry land farming systems. The yellow pigment of yolk come from forage such as Sauropus androgynus Merr, Leucaena Leucocephala, Calliandra calothyrsus and Ipomoea aquatica and also from animal like shrimp waste (shrimp head). This experiment is consisted of 2 ( two) phases; 1) preliminary experiment; aimed to determine the optimum level of Calliandra leaves meals and shrimp head meals in diets, 2) continued experiment; aimed to get the best yolk color index from combination levels of using Calliandra leaves meals and shrimp head meals in diets. Forty two duck started to produce egg (6 month old) were raised in the preliminary experiment and divided in to 6 treatments with 7 replicates; each replication is consisted of 1 duck. The treatments were 1) 100% of basal diet (BD); 2) BD + 3% of Calliandra leaves meals (K); 3) BD + 6% of K; 4) BD + 3% of shrimp head meals (SH); 5) BD + 6% of SH; and 6) BD + 9% of SH. Based on the preliminary experiment is found the optimum level of calliandra leaves meals and shrimp head meals for applying in the continued experiment. In continued experiment was used 30 duck (6 month old) and divided in to 3 treatments and 10 replicates, with 1 duck in each replication. The treatment were R1) 100% 0f BD; R2) BD + 6% of K + 3% of SH; 3) BD + 6% of K + 6% of SH. This experiment used random analysis approach. The difference among the treatment was tested by Multiple Duncan s Test (Steel and Torrie, 1991). Descriptive approach was used to explain egg production, histopathology changes, the result of identification, and clinical symptom. Parameters observed were consumption, ration efficiency, egg production, yolk color index, retinol content in serum by using HPLC, percentage of the weight of lever, kidney, pancreas and reproductive (ovary and oviduct) organ. The result of the experiment showed that R1 treatment can increase yolk color index with the score, 11 and R2 got 10. There was no significant effect of Calliandra leaves meals and shrimp head meals on consumption and ration efficiency, while for egg production showed the variability among individual duck in each treatment, only 40% in R0 produced egg, 60 % in R1, and 80% in R2. The highest egg production in each treatment was found in R0 treatment 75%, in R1 treatment was 66.7%, and in R2 treatment was 50%. Using Calliandra leaves meals and shrimp head meals in diets did not affect the inner organ. From histopathology assessment showed that morphological of lever, kidney, pancreas, and reproductive (ovary and oviduct) organ still in normal category. ©