Phenolic contents, composition and antioxidant activity of essential oils obtained from Iranian populations of Apium graveolens, and their canonical correlation with environmental factors
2022
Salimi, Fatemeh | Fattahi, Mohammad | Hamzei, Javad
Seed essential oils (EO) yield and composition were studied in twelve populations of Apium graveolens L. collected from Iran. Variations in antioxidant activity were also studied with two bioassay methods including 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Clustering was performed by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and studied samples classified into three main groups (or chemotypes) with higher limonene, limonene/apiol/myristicin/and apiol/myristicin. Antioxidant activity of EOs varied among studied seeds, that amounts ranging from 6.4 to 34.4 (mg AAE/50 μl EO) for the DPPH method and 1070 to 3315 (μM Fe⁺²/50 μl EO) for FRAP method. Based on antioxidant assay methods, the highest value of antioxidant activity was found in Urmia (P12) and Sanandaj (P1) EOs. Celery EOs showed strong antioxidant activity. Based on canonical correspondence analysis environmental conditions were highly correlated with the distribution of compounds among the populations. Lower elevation and higher temperature correlated with higher limonene content. Results showed that total phenols ranged from 10.4 to 14.57 mg Gallic acid/g DW and TFC ranged from 2.2 to 8.1 mg QUE/g DW.
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