Sivb 2003 congress symposium proceeding: plant growth and sugar utilization in an agitated, thin-film liquid system for micropropagation

Agitated layers of liquid medium were created on platform shakers in jars with 25––30 ml of medium (similar to conventional agar culture) rotating at 90 rpm. Thin films were scaled up in larger rectangular vessels on tilted shelves that periodically rock. In jars of liquid medium with a density of 180 explants per liter, multiplication rates of Hosta tokudama var. ‘‘Newberry Gold’’ were optimal with a media sucrose concentration of 5%% \[both with and without 1 μμM benzyladenine (BA)\]. Endogenous levels of soluble sugars were directly related to the concentration of sucrose in the medium. Three Hosta cultivars (‘‘Striptease’’, ‘‘Minuteman’’, and ‘‘Stiletto’’) with plant densities of 40––200 explants per liter of medium were tested in larger, agitated, thin-film vessels in media with 5%% sucrose and directly compared to agar medium. Higher rates of multiplication were observed in liquid than agar with the magnitude of the difference dependent on explant density. Pooled results for the three varieties with 200 explants per liter showed multiplication rates of 1.7×× and 2.3×× for agar and thin-film liquid, respectively. At 40 explants per liter, the multiplication rate was increased to 2.1×× for agar and 3.4×× for thin-film liquid. Sugar uptake was greater in liquid than agar and was greater in the higher densities, with the magnitude of the effect dependent on plant variety. Increased vessel size in the liquid, thin-film system and greater sugar uptake allowed more, larger plants to be harvested. Alocasia macrorrhizos was cultured in growth medium containing 1 μμM BA and 5%% sucrose with plant densities in the range of 33––330 explants per liter. Dry weight and multiplication rate were greater in the liquid system than agar with the magnitude of the difference dependent on plant density. With approximately 165 explants per liter, and greater at the initiation of culture, plant density limited growth in both agar and liquid thin-film systems. In a multiplication medium (3 μμM BA and 3 μμM ancymidol) plant size was reduced by 50%% and 60%% (fresh weight) in liquid and agar, respectively. Initial density in the range of 165––330 explants per liter did not limit growth with the smaller plants in liquid or semisolid multiplication medium. Sugar uptake was greater in liquid than agar. While ample sugar was present in media for growth at any density on agar, sugar depletion was limiting growth at highest densities with the larger plants in liquid growth medium. In semisolid agar medium, sugar uptake by plants was more rapid than diffusion across the agar medium, resulting in non-equilibrium conditions following the culture cycle. In agitated, liquid medium, a greater transfer of sugars to plant tissue was related to accelerated growth.