New perspectives for weeds control using autochthonous fungi with selective bioherbicide potential
2019
Reichert, Francisco Wilson | Scariot, Maurício Albertoni | Forte, César Tiago | Pandolfi, Leonardo | Dil, Jaqueline Mara | Weirich, Sabrina | Carezia, Carine | Mulinari, Jéssica | Mazutti, Marcio Antônio | Fongaro, Gislaine | Galon, Leandro | Treichel, Helen | Mossi, Altemir José
The prospection of bioherbicides has been an alternative to weed control, aiming at mitigating chemical risks to human, animal and environmental health due to extreme use of synthetic herbicides. In the present study, various fungi were isolated from plants with symptoms of fungal diseases for bioherbicide purposes against weeds (Urochloa plantaginea, Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa). Fungi isolated were identified by molecular methods and enzymatic products obtained by fungi fermentation (cellulase, lipase, peroxidase, and amylase) were quantified. Bioherbicide selectivity study was performed on crops (soybean and corn), as well as on resistant weeds. Among the isolated fungi, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium ploriferatum, and Trichoderma koningiopsis presented bioherbicide potential. T. koningiopsis, in particular, presented the highest effect on Euphorbia heterophylla (popular name - Mexican fire plant), causing up to 60% of foliar damage, without presenting phytotoxicity against corn crop. New perspectives for weeds control and their use in corn crops were prospected, considering the bioherbicide selectivity described in this study.
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