Interaction of arbuscular fungus (Rhizophagus irregularis), Bacillus subtilis and Purpureocillium lilacinum against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in tomato
2022
Sedhupathi, Kamaraj | Kennedy, Zackaria John | Shanthi, Annaiyan
Meloidogyne species are known to cause high levels of economic loss worldwide in a multitude of agricultural crops, including tomato. Despite the high toxicity of chemicals toward humans and the environment, biocontrol agents have risen in popularity as a promising method of controlling root-knot nematodes. In vitro compatibility assay revealed that B. subtilis and P. lilacinum has positive interaction and the complementary mechanisms might increase overall controlling efficacy of root knot nematodes. On other hand B. subtilis and P. lilacinum culture filtrates gives highest juvenile mortality and inhibition of egg hatching rate in vitro of 83.75% and 78.95% respectively. This study mainly aimed to evaluating the impact of individual and combined applications of Rhizophagus irregularis, Bacillus subtilis and Purpuriocilicium lilacinum on reduction of nematode infestation and growth promotion of tomato plants under glass house condition. Meloidogne incognita was identified based on morphological and molecular characterization and it's used for pot culture experiments. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) treated plants significantly enhanced plant growth and improves resistance against root knot nematodes (RKN) in combined soil application of R. irregularis, B. subtilis and P. lilacinum and dual inoculation of R. irregularis, B. subtilis significant reduced the galling index (1.67 and 1.33) of M. incognita. These bio control agents (BCA) had the ability to produce extracellular proteases and to form maximum biofilms, which significantly reduced the number of egg masses and root knot index. Moreover root colonization efficacy of Bacillus spores was viewed in scanning electron microscope.
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