Liquid chromatography incorporating ultraviolet and electrochemical analyses for dual detection of zeranol and zearalenone metabolites in mouldy grains
2012
Hsieh, Han‐Yun | Shyu, Ching‐Lin | Liao, Chen‐Wei | Lee, Ren‐Jye | Lee, Maw‐Rong | Vickroy, Thomas W. | Chou, Chi‐Chung
BACKGROUND: Zeranol (Z) is a semi‐synthetic mycotoxin that is used in some countries as a growth‐promoting agent in livestock. In view of the known oestrogenic actions by Z and certain Z analogues, significant concerns exist with regard to the presence of Z residues in human foods and the potential for untoward effects, including carcinogenicity within the reproductive system. In order to confirm that foods are free from harmful Z residues, regulators need a quick and reliable analytical method that can be used for routine confirmation of Z‐positive samples identified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening. In this study the authors have developed and validated a simple and rapid high‐performance liquid chromatography method incorporating ultraviolet (UV) absorbance (wavelength 274 nm) and electrochemical (EC) dual‐mode detection for simultaneous determination of Z‐related mycotoxins produced from mouldy grain matrices, including rice, soybean and corn flakes. RESULTS: Recoveries for all analytes were around 80% and the limits of detection ranged from 10 to 25 ng mL−1 for UV and from 50 to 90 ng mL−1 for EC detection with good accuracy and reproducibility. Differential profiles and occurrence rates of Z, β‐zearalenol, β‐zearalanol and α‐zearalenol in naturally moulded grain matrices were observed, indicating different metabolite patterns and possibly grain‐specific effects of mycotoxin exposure for humans and animals. The strength of this dual detection method lies in its selectivity characterised by a carbon screen‐printed electrode such that aflatoxin interference is precluded. CONCLUSION: The combined dual detection technique affords quick and reliable semi‐confirmative and quantitative information on multiple types of Z analogues in mouldy grains without the necessity of using expensive mass spectrometry. The method is considered a superior supplement to ELISA, which only screens total Z immunoreactivity.
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