Nitrogen management improved lodging resistance and production of maize (Zeamays L.) in dense plant density
2022
Ahmad, Irshad | Batyrbek, Maksat | Ikram, Khushnuma | Ahmad, Shakeel | Kāmrān, Muḥammad | Misbah, | Khan, Raham Sher | HOU, Fu-jiang | HAN, Qing-fang
Lodging in maize leads to yield losses, worldwide. We determine the effect of traditional nitrogen (N) application rate, i.e., 300 kg ha–¹ (R) and optimized N application rate, i.e., 225 kg ha–¹ (O) under four N application modes, i.e., 50% of N applied at sowing and 50% at the tenth leaf stage (N1); 100% of N applied at sowing (N2); 40% of N applied at sowing, 40% at the tenth leaf stage and 20% at tasseling stage (N3); 30% of N applied at sowing, 30% at the tenth leaf stage, 20% at the tasseling stage, and 20% at the silking stage (N4) on culm morphological characteristics, culm mechanical strength, lignin content, root growth, lodging percentage and production of maize in dense plant density. Optimized N rate (225 kg ha–¹) significantly reduced internodes length, plant height, ear height, center of gravity height and lodging percentage. Optimized N rate significantly increased internodes diameter, filling degrees, culm mechanical strength, root growth and lignin content. Application of N in four split doses (N4) significantly improved culm morphological characteristics, culm mechanical strength, lignin content, root growth and reduced internodes length, plant height, ear height, center of gravity height and lodging percentage. Internodes diameter, filling degrees, culm mechanical strength, lignin content, number and diameter of brace roots, root volume, root dry weight, bleeding safe and grain yield were significantly negatively correlated with plant height, ear height, center of gravity height, internodes length and lodging percentage. In conclusion, treatment ON4 significantly reduced lodging percentage by improving the culm morphological characteristics, culm mechanical strength, lignin content, root growth and improved the production of maize crop in dense plant density.
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