Soluble fiber intake at a dose approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for a claim of health benefits: serum lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease assessed in a randomized controlled crossover trial
2002
Jenkins, David J.A. | Kendall, Cyril W.C. | Vuksan, Vladimir | Vidgen, Edward | Parker, Tina | Faulkner, Dorothea | Mehling, Christine C. | Garsetti, Marcella | Testolin, Giulio | Cunnane, Stephen C. | Ryan, Mary Ann | Corey, Paul N.
Background: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved health claims for 2 dietary fibers, β-glucan (0.75 g/serving) and psyllium (1.78 g/serving), on the assumption that 4 servings/d would reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Objective: We assessed the efficacy of this dose of fibers in reducing serum lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Design: Sixty-eight hyperlipidemic adults consumed a test (high-fiber) and a control low-fat (25% of energy), low-cholesterol (<150 mg/d) diet for 1 mo each in a randomized crossover study. The high-fiber diet included 4 servings/d of foods containing β-glucan or psyllium that delivered 8 g/d more soluble fiber than did similar, unsupplemented foods in the control diet. Fasting blood samples and blood pressure readings were obtained at baseline and weeks 2 and 4, and the subjects' weight was monitored weekly. Results: Compared with the control diet, the high-fiber diet reduced total cholesterol (2.1 ± 0.7%; P = 0.003), total:HDL cholesterol (2.9 +/- 0.8%; P = 0.001), LDL:HDL cholesterol (2.4 +/- 1.0%; P = 0.015), and apolipoprotein B:A-I (1.4 +/- 0.8%; P = 0.076). Applying the Framingham cardiovascular disease risk equation to the data confirmed a reduction in risk of 4.2 +/- 1.4% (P = 0.003). Small reductions in blood pressure were found after both diets. The subjects reported no significant differences in palatability or gastrointestinal symptoms between the diets. Conclusions: The reduction in serum lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease supports the FDA'sapproval of a health claim for a dietary fiber intake of 4 servings/d. Although relatively small in terms of patient treatment, the reduction in cardiovascular disease risk is likely to be significant on a population basis.
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