Production and characterization of keratin-starch bio-composite film from chicken feather waste and turmeric starch
2021
Oluba, Olarewaju M. | Osayame, Egosa | Shoyombo, Ayoola O.
The drive for sustainable agricultural production in terms of efficient waste management options has led to renew efforts aimed at promoting the use of renewable raw materials as alternative to single use, non-biogradable packaging materials. The presented study was focused on the fabrication of bio-composite film using keratin extracted from chicken feather waste and starch extracted from turmeric. The fabricated bio-composite films were characterized, using different analytical techniques. The physicochemical characteristics of turmeric starch showed a moisture content of 35.7%, pH of 6.1, and amylose content of 12.5%. The hydration capacity of the starch was 146.5%, swelling capacity of 75.1% while its gelatinization temperature was 80.0 °C. Physical attributes of the bio-composite film, such as surface smoothness and tensile strength increased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing keratin content, while transparency, and solubility significantly (p < 0.05) decreased with increasing keratin level. The various blends of the bio-composite films decayed by over 20% of the original mass after 12 days of complete burial in soil. Based on the results obtained in this study, the addition of keratin to starch bio-composite showed improvement in mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and surface smoothness. The bio-composite film exhibited appropriate stability in water, although future study should be carried out to evaluate its thermal stability. Nonetheless, the fabricated keratin-starch bio-composite showed desirable characteristics that could be optimized for industrial applications.
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