Effect of irrigation regime on yield, harvest index and water productivity of soybean grown under different precipitation conditions in a temperate environment
2018
Gajić, Boško | Kresović, Branka | Tapanarova, Angelina | Životić, Ljubomir | Todorović, Mladen
In temperate climatic regions, agricultural production depends on precipitation amount and its distribution during the growing season. A 3-year field study was conducted to investigate the effects of different irrigation regimes on yield parameters and water productivity of sprinkler-irrigated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], grown under wet, semi-dry and dry conditions in a temperate environment. Four irrigation levels were applied: full irrigation (I₁₀₀), 65% and 40% of full irrigation (I₆₅ and I₄₀) and non-irrigated control (I₀). On average, the I₀ treatment resulted in the highest harvest index (HI) and I₁₀₀ produced the lowest HI. A significant quadratic correlation between seed yield and crop water use was observed in dry and semi-dry year. The irrigation regime significantly influenced seed yield and water use. I₆₅ treatment produced the highest seed yield (3.69 t ha–¹) and showed the highest water productivity (WP) (0.90 kg m–³) and irrigation WP (1.08 kg m–³). The present study indicated that irrigation is necessary for soybean cultivation in semi-dry and dry years i.e., when seasonal precipitation is lower than about 300 mm. In wet years, with a favourable amount and distribution of precipitation during the growing season, yields are similar to those achieved with irrigation and high ET values of soybean are attributable to increased evaporation.
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