Groundwater quality and human health risk assessment for safe and sustainable water supply of Dhaka City dwellers in Bangladesh
2020
Bodrud-Doza, Md | Islam, S.M Didar-Ul | Rume, Tanjena | Quraishi, Shamshad B. | Rahman, M Safiur | Bhuiyan, Mohammad Amir Hossain
Accessing safe drinking water is an essential and primary human needs. This study conducted to investigate the suitability of groundwater use in Dhaka City dwellers, factors affecting groundwater quality, and human health risk to initiate the control measures. In this regards, groundwater samples were collected and analysed for pH, EC, TDS, Fe, Mn, Zn, F─, and NO₃─. The results revealed that, groundwater is slightly acidic to alkaline and in some samples Fe and Mn concentrations exceed the standard permissible limits. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were performed to identify the pollution source and controlling factors, which revealed quality of the groundwater mainly controlled by geological, and several anthropogenic actions. However, chronic health risk of metals and anions exposure via oral and dermal routes were further determined by calculating the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI), for both adult and children. Results suggest that, children of the study area are under health risk due to consumption of groundwater for long times, without further treatment. However, from the interpolated maps of HI, south-western part of the study area is identified as the vulnerable zone for public health issue. It is expected that, outcomes of this study will provide useful insights for safe water supply for the city dwellers, and sustainable management of groundwater resources to reduce the human hazards.
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