Biomass densification--cubing operations and costs for corn stover
2004
Sokhansanj, S. | Turhollow, A.F.
Loose plant-based biomass has a low bulk density ranging from 50 to 130 kg/m3 depending on the plant species, particle density, and particle size. Biomass densified into bales and cubes increases its bulk density to 120 to 500 kg/m3. The handling properties of pellets and cubes are similar to those properties for grains. The existing, well-developed, conventional bulk handling equipment can be used to handle pelleted and cubed biomass. Although cubed biomass is easier and safer to handle and store, it is more expensive as a feedstock for a conversion plant than biomass bales. The objective of this research was to develop a base cost for cubing using the existing technology. The cost of corn stover bales delivered to a biorefinery 64 km (40 miles) away from an intermediate storage, including a final grinding, was estimated at $60.15/dry Mg ($54.57/dry ton), whereas the cost for corn stover cubes is $71.92/dry Mg ($65.38/dry ton). These costs included $11/dry Mg ($10/dry ton) payment to the farmer. The difference between the cost of baled and cubed biomass was in capital equipment and operation costs.
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