Chemical and nutritive characteristics of canola meal from Canadian processing facilities
2016
Adewole, D.I. | Rogiewicz, A. | Dyck, B. | Slominski, B.A.
Samples of canola meal (CM) were collected from eleven canola processing facilities in Canada over 4 successive years (2011–2014) to determine the chemical composition, indicators of protein damage and variability between processing facilities over time. In each year, each facility provided 3 samples and all samples were subjected to a complete chemical characterization which included proximate analyses, carbohydrates, dietary fiber with its components, total phosphorus and phytate phosphorus, and amino acids (AA) measurements. Overall, the contents of various components of CM over the 4 years in g/kg dry matter (DM) basis were as follows: crude protein (CP; Nx6.25) 417; fat 35.0; sucrose 61.0; oligosaccharides 29.0; total phosphorus 11.2; non-phytate phosphorus 3.80; neutral detergent fiber (NDF) 294; non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) 219; total dietary fiber 379; neutral detergent insoluble crude protein (NDICP) 54.0; lignin and polyphenols 107 and in μmol/g DM, glucosinolates 4.60. The mean AA contents were, in g/kg DM basis, lysine 21.1; arginine 22.7; histidine 11.7; isoleucine 12.5; leucine 25.9; methionine 6.9; cystine 8.4; phenylalanine 14.5; tyrosine 9.60; threonine 15.5, valine 17.4, alanine 17.1, asparagine 27.0, glutamine 67.2, glycine 18.0, proline 27.0, and serine 17.8. Over the 4 years, the highest variation was observed in the contents of simple sugars (CV=41.7%), NDICP (CV=16.8%) and glucosinolates (CV=35.3%), the components known to be sensitive to heat treatment. Variations (P<0.05) between processing facilities and years were also observed for CP, ether extract, ash, total phosphorus, simple sugars, oligosaccharides, NDF, NSP, NDICP, lignin and polyphenols, total dietary fiber and glucosinolates. Among all AA, only lysine showed differences (P<0.05) between processing facilities. Lysine content averaged 18.5, 22.1, 22.9 and 20.7g/kg in years 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively, and was lowest in meals showing the highest NDICP and total dietary fiber values. Linear regression equations for predicting lysine, NDICP, and total dietary fiber from simple chemical compositions such as NDF and CP were developed. In conclusion, variations in the contents of CP, dietary fiber, NDICP, glucosinolates, and lysine among other components were observed for canola meals from crushing plants in Canada. These variations were mainly associated with differences in processing conditions (particularly heat treatment) in the various processing facilities. Indicators of CM quality such as NDICP, total dietary fiber, and lysine can be accurately predicted from NDF or NDF and CP contents.
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