Toward the sustainable use of mineral phosphorus fertilizers for crop production in China: From primary resource demand to final agricultural use
2022
Gong, Haiqing | Meng, Fanlei | Wang, Guohao | Hartmann, Tobias Edward | Feng, Gu | Wu, Jiechen | Jiao, Xiaoqiang | Zhang, Fusuo
Sustainable phosphorus (P) management is crucial to both food security and environmental conservation. The optimization of P input from mineral fertilizers has been advocated as an effective approach to improve P use efficiency. However, strategies for maximizing P use efficiency by linking soil–crop systems and fertilizer types with the P flow, from a whole P supply chain perspective, are lacking. In this study, a meta-analysis and substance flow analysis (SFA) were employed to evaluate the effects of different mineral P fertilizer types on crop yield and P flow from rock phosphate (RP) exploitation to P use in China. Compared to single superphosphate (SSP), triple superphosphate (TSP), and calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP), a significantly higher yield was obtained when diammonium phosphate (DAP) and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) were used 2005 onwards. However, P loss, from RP extraction to application, was 24% higher for DAP and MAP than for SSP, TSP, and CMP. DAP and MAP use led to a 6% larger P footprint than SSP, TSP, and CMP use. The P use efficiency could be improved by 22%, 36%, and 40% in wheat, maize, and rice production, respectively, by integrating the soil–crop system with mineral P fertilizer types, while P loss and P footprint could be reduced by 13% and 17%, respectively. These results indicate that P use efficiency can be significantly improved by integrating mineral P fertilizer types with soil–crop systems, providing an effective approach for RP exploitation to improve P use efficiency and alleviate the overexploitation of RP.
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