Characterizing the essential oil compositions and major agromorphological traits of Satureja mutica Fisch. & C. A. Mey. populations growing wild in Iran
2014
Karimi, Ehsan | Ghasemnezhad, Azim | Hadian, Javad | Ghorbanpour, Mansour
Satureja mutica is a valuable medicinal plant with interesting biological and pharmacological properties. This study was performed to evaluate the levels of inter and intra-population variability of essential oil compositions and agromorphological characteristics of S. mutica in Iran. High levels of variation were found among the fifty eight individual plants of the seven populations. The essential oil content showed high variation, coefficient of variability (CV=52%), among the populations, ranging from 0.5–4.2% (w/w). Thymol (6.5–74.6%), carvacrol (0.9–70.4%), borneol (0.1-10.9%), p-cymene (0.30–14.2%), and γ-terpinene (0.1–9.9%) were identified as the major predominant constituents of the all studied individual plants. The clustering of individual plants based on the major oil components comprised three main groups, representing carvacrol/thymol/p-cymene, thymol/p-cymene/carvacrol and carvacrol/borneol chemotypes. Among the studied agromorphological traits, the highest levels of variability were observed for the drug yield (CV=99%), and the inflorescence lengh (CV=55%). Based on the higher essential oil content (4.2%), drug yield (10.4g plant−1) and the plant height (45.9cm), plant population from Keshanak region, because of its original habitat is suggested as the most promising population for pharmaceutical purposes and mass production of essential oils. Thus, the variability recognized here, might be considered as characterizing the large gene pool for breeding program.
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